Autism

Autism Essay Autism Essay 3 An Assessment of Autism Autism is a physical disorder of the brain that causes a lifelong developmental disability. The many different symptoms of autism can occur by themselves or in combination with other conditions such as: mental retardation, blindness, deafness, and epilepsy. Children with autism vary widely in their abilities and behavior. Each symptom may appear differently in each child. Children with autism often show some forms of bizarre, repetitive behavior called stereotyped behavior. Each child with autism is unique, with their own individual range of symptoms and behaviors. Broad areas of similarity have been identified so that it is now possible to make some basic general statements about what children with autism are like as a group. Some symptoms and characteristics are: failure to develop normal socialization, problems in speech, language, and communication, strange relationships to objects and events, unusual responses to sensory stimulation, and progress delays. Autism 4 Scientists do not know why some children have autism. Studies have found that people with autism have differences in the structure of their cerebellums. Research is still unclear to be able to draw conclusions to biological and genetic causes. Scientists have only identified one specific genetic connection with autism. A genetic syndrome called, fragile X syndrome. Fragile X syndrome is a recently discovered form of genetically caused mental retardation. Both sexes are affected by fragile X syndrome, with males usually more seriously affected. Children with fragile X syndrome can have behavior problems such as: hyperactivity, aggression, self-injury, and autistic-like behaviors. Severe language delays and problems are common. Delayed motor development and poor sensory skills are also disabilities associated with fragile X syndrome (Jordan Powell, 1995). In the United States, there are at least 400,000 people with autism, about one-third of them are children. Autism is one of the most common developmental disabilities (Harris Weiss, 1998). Autism 5 For reasons researchers don not know, autism occurs about three to four times more frequently in boys than in girls. For children with more severe cognitive limitations, the ratio is closer to two to one. For the group of children with higher cognitive skills, boys are more frequently represented at a rate greater than four to one. Girls, when affected, are more likely to be more seriously affected by symptoms of autism (Quill, 1995, p. 219). To many experts and parents the number of children with autism seems to be increasing at a faster pace than before. In fact, some recent research studies of the occurrence of autism suggest that it is twice as high as previous studies had indicated (Jordan Powell, 1995). Fortunately, the understanding of the needs of children is changing just as is the care applied to the diagnostic process. This is leading to better understanding of the importance of tailoring educational, social, and communication involvement to the needs and strengths of children with autism (Quill, 1995, p. 167). Autism 6 When autism was identified in 1943, it was a disorder that was misinterpreted and puzzled most professionals. Since than, studies have given us understanding into autism as a brain based disorder which children are born with. Though no cure has been found to date to treat children with autism, researchers are on the brink of discovery one (Harris Weiss, 1998). .

Describe how membrane structure is related to the transport of Essay

Describe how membrane structure is related to the transport of materials across a membrane and the role of membrandes in the synthesis of ATP in either respirat - Essay Example The alignment of these phospholipids along the cell membrane is tail to tail, so that these non polar areas form water repellant, hydrophobic regions on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane, while the polar heads are hydrophilic and allow solvents to pass easily through. Lipids and proteins are not however likely to seep through the bilayer unless they first give up the favorable interactions with hydrogen molecules present in water before they can cross the membrane. The greater the degree to which a protein or lipid molecule is hydrophilic, the larger it is and therefore less likely to cross the cell membrane through simple diffusion. (Gray et al, 2002) The interaction between non polar lipid tails that limits membrane fluidity is due to the action of the Van der Waals forces, which are increased by increasing length of the lipid tails (Gray et al, 2002). It is the hydrophobic effect that results in the rapid self assembly of the lipid bilayers when exposed to water since protein folding takes place through the clustering of the hydrophibic residues in the core of the protein in order to prevent contact with water. However, this structure of the cell membrane is not rigid, because the forces holding the bilayer together are weak, non-covalent interactions which allow for fluidity of the membrane. The outer surface of the cell membrane is rich in glycolipids, while the hydrophobic tails are embedded within the cell. The heads which are exposed outside the cell function in association with the carbohydrates attached to the integral proteins in allowing the cell to determine which materials belong to the organism and which materials are foreign, against which an immune defense must be sparked. Water, carbon dioxide and oxygen are transported across the cell membrane through a simple process known as diffusion or Osmosis, where the

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Poetry - Essay Example The last line is broken down â€Å"so-long-lives-this-and-this-gives-life-to-thee.† So quatrain or couplet within â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† has 10 syllables. This qualifies the poem as a sonnet. The rhyme structure of this poem is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g. An example is the first quatrain has the rhymes â€Å"day† and â€Å"May† in the first and third lines. The second and fourth lines rhyme with â€Å"temperate† and â€Å"date†. The second quatrain rhymes â€Å"shines† and â€Å"declines† in the fifth and seventh line. The sixth and eighth line rhymes â€Å"dimmed† and â€Å"untrimmed†. The ninth and eleventh line rhymes with â€Å"fade† and â€Å"shade†. The tenth and twelfth line rhyme with â€Å"ow’st† and â€Å"grow’st†. The final two lines rhyme with â€Å"see† and â€Å"thee†. This rhyming pattern is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g patterning. Finally, Shakespeare’s â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day† has the topic of beauty and love. Although it is not a requirement to have a love sonnet, Shakespeare use the technique. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† is in the style of a Petrarchan Sonnet. The Petrarchan Sonnet is the Italian formed. The English, especially Shakespeare, used this typical technique subject of love. The Petrarchan Sonnet usually spoke of love, beauty, or love not requited. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† also contains a volta. A volta is a shift in topic in the third quatrain. In the beginning Shakespeare is declaring undying love and comparison to life. However, in the third quatrain the subject leads to death and fading. For